1000app(1000approx)

在实践中，祖传家园的创建要从一个行动小组开始。这个项目一直是非盈利性的。建立聚落并确定其性质的过程在很大程度上取决于发起者——主要团队，聚落的骨干——以及他们的凝聚力和谈判能力。

In practice, the creation of a settlement begins with an initiative group. This project is always non-profit. The process of creating a settlement and determining its nature largely depend on the initiators – the main team, the backbone of the settlement – and their cohesion and ability to negotiate.

如果你决定自己创建一个新的祖传家园聚落，最好学习其他聚落的经验：游学，与他们的管理人交流。接下来，选择最适合你的解决方案，并开始行动。

If you decided to create a new Kin's settlement on your own, it is best to study the experience of other settlements: travel, talk with their administration. Next, choose the option of creating the most suitable type of settlement for you and begin to act.

此外，我们提供了一个例子，由“Bolshaya Medveditsa”祖传家园聚落的主要组织者之一Vitaliy Kiyatkin创建的祖传家园：

Further, we offer an example of creating a Kin's settlement from the initiator, one of the main organizers of the settlement "Bolshaya Medveditsa", Vitaliy Kiyatkin:

如何从零开始创建祖传家园聚落(项目)？

How to create a Kin's settlement from scratch (project).

1. 拟定总体计划

The general plan of the Settlement is drawn (of a general nature).

2. 确认社会政策进程

The course of social policy is determined.

3. 草拟财务计划

A financial plan is being written (of a general nature).

4. 选择一块土地作为定居点

A land is chosen for the settlement.

5. 征用这块土地

The land is being acquired.

6. 绘制并更新总体解决方案

An updated general plan of the settlement is drawn.

7. 编写并更新财务计划

An updated Financial Plan is written.

1. 拟定总体计划

The General Plan of Settlement of a general nature

聚落的第一轮总体规划决定了聚落的规模，而聚落的规模又决定了社会政策的进程、财政规划、地点的选择等。总平面图可以是手绘或者电脑绘图。

The general plan of the settlement in the first turn determines the size of the settlement, which, in turn, determines the course of social policy, financial plan, choice of location, and etc. The general plan is drawn by hand, or on a computer.

例如，你决定画一个150公顷的聚落。画一个正方形(可选：画一个圆，椭圆等)，表示150公顷的面积。你可以立即在里面画出你的祖传家园。

For example, you decided to draw a plan of a settlement in the size of 150 hectares. Draw a square (optional – draw a circle, oval, etc.), indicating the size of 150 hectares. And you can immediately draw your Kin's Domain in it.

如果你画了其他的类型，比如一个圆形的方案，那么99%的人认为你会很快改变它。在实践中，这样的形式并没有被实施，而且，即使是拥有数百万美元营业额的收缩型公司也倾向于更简单的形式。

If you nevertheless drew something else, for example, a settlement in the shape of a circle, then 99% that you will change it soon. In practice, such forms are not implemented, moreover, even constriction companies with multi-million dollar turnover prefer simpler forms.

通常，在实践中，150公顷的面积大致分为100公顷+50公顷。其中100公顷为土地专用，50公顷为一般基础设施用地。100公顷是每公顷1公顷的100块土地，也就是说，我们可以指望在我们的定居点有100个参与者，即100个家庭。50公顷的基础设施将包括道路、小巷、公园等。

As a rule, in practice, the size of 150 hectares is roughly divided into 100 hectares + 50 hectares. Where 100 hectares is the land dedicated to the Domains, and 50 hectares is the land set for general infrastructure. 100 ha is 100 plots of 1 ha each, i.e. potentially we can count on 100 participants in our Settlement, i.e. 100 families. 50 ha of infrastructure will contain roads, alleys, parks, and etc.

就聚落的总面积而言，考虑到在规划期间尽量减少道路的面积，道路的总长度约为7公里。这里包括从一些现有的道路到定居点的入口，长约1公里。

For the total area of the Settlement – the total length of the roads, taking into account minimization during planning, will be about 7 km. This includes the access road to the settlement's entrance from some existing one – up to 1 km.

与此同时，内部道路必须规划为最小宽度3.5米，入口道路约为6米。聚落的周长大约为5公里。

At the same time, internal roads must be planned with a minimum width of 3.5 m, and the access road is about 6 m. The perimeter of the settlement – will be about 5km.

中心小巷的长度约为2公里。中心区域约10公顷。那里仍然会有大约8公里长的步行道。

The lengths of the central alleys are about 2 km. The central area is about 10 hectares. And there will still be walking paths – about 8 km.

按面积计算，将会有：

By area, this will be:

-设有路缘及行人空间的道路- 10米宽x 14公里= 14公顷

– Roads with curbs and pedestrian spaces – 10m wide x 14km = 14ha.

应该记住的是，道路两边会有一个篱笆，可以把绿化延伸3米宽，然后离10米的路只有4米远。

It should be borne in mind that there will be a hedge on both sides of the road, which can spread greenery by 3 meters wide and then only 4 meters remain from the 10-meter road.

– 聚落边界30m = 15公顷

– The perimeter of the settlement with a width of 30m = 15ha.

周边包括护城河(避开汽车、火灾、奶牛等)，围绕家园的绿色生命栅栏宽6-10米，以及沿周边内侧的步行道。巷道宽度40米= 8公顷。在小巷里，你可以打破花坛，阿尔波卡，花园空地。在中心地带，可以有一个公共池塘、一个圆形剧场、各种场地、一所学校、一座社区住宅、一座供茶话会使用的住宅；你可以放置苗圃等。

The perimeter includes a protective moat (from cars, fire, cows, etc.), a green living fence around the Settlement with a width of 6-10 m and a walking alley along the inner side of the perimeter. Alleys with a width of 40m = 8ha. In the alleys you can break flower beds, alporka, garden glades. In a central place there could be a common pond, an amphitheater, various grounds, a school, a community house, a house for tea parties; you can place a nursery of seedlings, etc.

3公顷放置在公共区域，比如马厩。总:14 + 15 + 8 + 10 + 100 + 3 = 150公顷。

3ha – leave it on the common territories, for example, on the stable. Total: 14 + 15 + 8 + 10 + 100 + 3 = 150 ha.

2.确认社会政策进程

Determining the course of social policy

在建立祖传家园时，90%的问题都围绕着金钱或自我参与的程度。剩下的10%也可以间接归因于货币，但这并不完全准确。相反，这10%决定了解决任务时的负责程度。

90% of the questions when creating a Kin's Settlement revolve around money or the level of self-involvement. The remaining 10% could also be indirectly attributed to money, but this would not be entirely accurate. Rather, these 10% determine the level of responsibility in approaching the solution of tasks.

换句话说，自我责任和自我参与表现得越明显，解决的成本就越低。这些问题似乎可以放在财务科，但这里我们确定解决问题的方法。方法可以是(有条件的):

In other words, the more self-responsibility and self-involvement is manifested, the cheaper the realization of the Settlement is. It would seem that these issues could be thrown into the finance section, but here we determine the very approach to resolving issues. And the approaches can be (conditionally):

1. 独立解决问题，独立执行决策。

Questions are resolved and decisions implemented independently.

2. 独立解决问题，并且有人执行决策。

Questions are resolved independently, and someone implement the decisions.

3. 有人解决问题，然后有人执行决策

Someone decides questions, and someone implement the decisions.

让我们从最后一个开始。

Let's start with the last one.

有些人想要创建一个家园，但没有取得土地，因为在创建它的时候还没有做出决定，也就是说，其他人还没有决定你可以拿地。这个某人可以是任何人，比如总统。

There are people who want to create an estate, but do not take the land, because consider that there was no decision made on its creation, i.e. someone else has not decided that you need to create an estate. This someone – can be anyone, for example – the President.

这样的人可以说:“总统将颁布法令——然后我将免费获得土地”(又是一个钱的问题)。也就是说，据推测，不需要为土地测量和登记支付费用，道路将由市政当局建造等等。

And such people can say: "the President will make a decree – and then I will take the estate for free" (again – a question of money). That is, supposedly, it will not be necessary to pay for land surveying, for registration, and roads will be made by municipality, and etc.

在第二种方式中，人们明白长时间的等待一个法令(来自上面?!)是可能的，特别是如果你不参与它的推广。因此，他们开始获得土地，投资注册，等等。

In the second approach, people understand that it is possible to wait for a Decree (from above ?!) for a long time, especially if you do not participate in its promotion. Therefore, they begin to acquire a land – they invest money in registration, etc.

但在发展聚落的问题上，他们就会开始放慢脚步。例如，人们会认为购买土地已经够了，剩下的应该由别人来做——例如，某种地方“自治”，比如为人们提供电力，修路，为他们提供当地的工作，等等。

But then in the questions of developing settlement they can begin to slow down. For example, people can think that buy acquiring the land they've already done anough and the rest should be done by someone else – for example, a some kind of local "municipality", like provide electricity to people, build roads, provide them with local work, and etc.

因此，在进入新的定居点时，有必要提前澄清，你们是计划自己做一切，还是你们在等待国家和其他补贴。

Therefore, upon entering the new Settlement, it is necessary to clarify on the shore, do you plan to do everything by yourselves, or you are waiting for state and other subsidies.

第三种方法是人们自己解决问题和执行任务。即使有一个小的预算，但当问题被充分考虑，那么你的解决方案中将不会有社会冲突或革命。

And the third approach is when people resolve issues and implement tasks on their own. Even with a small budget, but when the questions are thought through enough, then there will be no social conflicts or revolutions in your settlement.

有件事是需要提醒的，如果ta没有觉知的话，将被告知他/她不能在祖传家园内杀死动物。这条规则通常是受到尊重的，因为每个人都明白，他/她的祖传家园——他/她的爱的空间——将会在这样的行为下受到损害。

One is informed, if one is not aware, that he/she cannot kill animals at the Domain. This rule is usually respected, as everyone understands that his/her Domain – his/her Space of Love – will suffer under such actions.

建立祖传家园聚落的一个重要社会方面是免费分配1 – 2块地给一或两家孤儿院。其中的原因在弗拉狄米尔·米格烈的《鸣响雪松》系列书籍中得到了很好的解释。

An important social aspect in the creation of the Kin's Settlement is the allocation of 1 – 2 plots to one or two orphanages for free. The reason for this is well explained in the books of Vladimir Megre of the series "The Ringing Cedars of Russia".

3. 整体财务规划

General financial plan

所以，正如前面提到的，正确计算财务和/或你自己的资源是非常重要的。收集的资金可根据条件分为:

So, as it already has been mentioned, it is very important to correctly calculate the finances and / or your own resources involved. The collected finance can be conditionally divided into:

-初始所需资金。

initial necessary funds.

-后续重要资金。

subsequent important funds.

-后续和/或正在进行的业务的资金。

funds for subsequent and / or ongoing operations.

此外，如果初步必要的资金足以进一步发展解决办法，则主要任务将得到解决，唯一的任务将是确定如何筹措资金:

Moreover, if the initial necessary funds are sufficient for the further development of the Settlement, then the main task will be solved and the only task would be left to determine how financing will be carried out:

-分阶段联合融资;

phased co-financing;

-贷款/抵押贷款

loan/mortgage

祖传家园的多数协议是基于分阶段联合融资的原则制定的。联合融资和抵押贷款的区别在于借贷成本。所以，你需要组织一个定居点，总面积为150公顷，其中100公顷是家园用地，50公顷是公共区域。

Mostly Kin's Settlements are created on the principles of phased co-financing. The difference between co-financing and mortgage is in the cost of borrowing. So, you need to organize a Settlement, with a total area of 150 hectares, where 100 hectares is land for Domains and 50 hectares are allocated for common areas.

你需要

You need:

1. 获得一块土地并将其划分为小块。

Acquire a land and divide it into plots.

2.铺平道路。

Pave the roads.

3.绿化聚落。

Greening the Settlement.

4.建设基础设施。

Build infrastructure.

5.安全布置。

Arrange security.

6.建造公共房屋(如茶楼、学校等)。

Build public houses (tea, school, etc.).

在新聚落中，有7公里的道路，10公顷的土地被预留为中心地带，2公里的小巷和5公里的绿色树篱。根据这些参数进行了计算。

In the new settlement there are 7 km of the roads, 10 hectares are reserved for a central place, 2km of alleys and 5km of green hedge. Based on these parameters the calculations are made.

土地征用及土地测量:

Land acquisition and land surveying on plots:

1.1. 测量

Surveying

1.2. 收购

Acquisition

1.3. 规划分区

Change of zoning

铺设道路

Laying roads.

2.1. 沥青

Asphalt

2.2. 每隔100米左右用碎石填充，并初步清除沃土层。

Filling with crushed stone, with preliminary removal of the fertile layer, for every 100m – approx.

2.3. 另一个选项。例如，夯实土壤，或稳定的土壤石灰，这些选择将几乎免费。

Another option. For example, compaction of the soil, or stabilization of the soil with lime, these options will be almost free.

聚落造景

Landscaping Settlement.

每隔10米的绿色树篱，就会有17株不同高度的幼苗。每100米或5公里的围栏将有170株幼苗，即8500株。2公里的胡同需要3400株。中央公园——另外1000株。总:约13000株。

For every 10m of green hedges you will have allocate about 17 seedlings of different hight/tires. It will be 170 seedlings for every 100m or for 5 km of the fence – 8500 pcs. 2km of alley will need 3400pcs., and central park – another 1000pcs. Total: approx. 13000pcs.

基础设施

Infrastructure.

在公共场所，你需要一个井，操场，花坛，一个用于全体会议的圆形剧场和一个公共池塘，你还需要一个有组织的夏季度假地点。

In the common place you need a well, playgrounds, flower beds, an amphitheater for general meetings and a common pond, and you also need an organized summer vacation spot.

– 运动广场

Play and sports grounds

– 圆形剧场

Amphitheater

– 池塘

Pond

– 花坛

Flowerbeds

– 暑期度假点

Summer vacation spot

安全组织

Security organization.

组织安全，你需要

To organize security you need:

1. 挖一条护城河

Dig a moat

2. 在入口建造警卫室

Build a gatehouse at the entrance

3.安排安保

Arrange security

4. 买警犬

Buy guard dogs

需要一个护城河，以防止火灾，行走的动物(牛)，从侵入的人和汽车，不停留在定居点。关于安全措施，主要问题是:在什么时期内将它列入解决的初步计划。换句话说，在什么时期以后，它将变得不再需要，或成为维护费的一部分。

A moat is needed to protect against fire, walking animals (cows), and from the intruding of people and cars that do not resid in th settlement. For the security measures, the main question is: for what period it will be included in the initial plan of the Settlement. In other words, after what period it will either not be needed, or becomes part of maintainence fees.

公共房屋建造

The construction of public houses.

包括招待所、社区住宅和学校。一般来说，社区住宅和学校将在以后需要，也就是说，它们的价格可能不包括在最初的估计中。

These include the guest house, the community house and the school. As a rule, a community house and a school will be needed later, i.e. their price may not be included in the initial estimate.所以，正如前面提到的，正确计算财务和/或你自己的资源是非常重要的。收集的资金可根据条件分为:

So, as it already has been mentioned, it is very important to correctly calculate the finances and / or your own resources involved. The collected finance can be conditionally divided into:

-初始所需资金。

initial necessary funds.

-后续重要资金。

subsequent important funds.

-后续和/或正在进行的业务的资金。

funds for subsequent and / or ongoing operations.

此外，如果初步必要的资金足以进一步发展解决办法，则主要任务将得到解决，唯一的任务将是确定如何筹措资金:

Moreover, if the initial necessary funds are sufficient for the further development of the Settlement, then the main task will be solved and the only task would be left to determine how financing will be carried out:

-分阶段联合融资;

phased co-financing;

-贷款/抵押贷款

loan/mortgage

祖传家园的多数协议是基于分阶段联合融资的原则制定的。联合融资和抵押贷款的区别在于借贷成本。所以，你需要组织一个定居点，总面积为150公顷，其中100公顷是家园用地，50公顷是公共区域。

Mostly Kin's Settlements are created on the principles of phased co-financing. The difference between co-financing and mortgage is in the cost of borrowing. So, you need to organize a Settlement, with a total area of 150 hectares, where 100 hectares is land for Domains and 50 hectares are allocated for common areas.

你需要

You need:

1. 获得一块土地并将其划分为小块。

Acquire a land and divide it into plots.

2.铺平道路。

Pave the roads.

3.绿化聚落。

Greening the Settlement.

4.建设基础设施。

Build infrastructure.

5.安全布置。

Arrange security.

6.建造公共房屋(如茶楼、学校等)。

Build public houses (tea, school, etc.).

在新聚落中，有7公里的道路，10公顷的土地被预留为中心地带，2公里的小巷和5公里的绿色树篱。根据这些参数进行了计算。

In the new settlement there are 7 km of the roads, 10 hectares are reserved for a central place, 2km of alleys and 5km of green hedge. Based on these parameters the calculations are made.

土地征用及土地测量:

Land acquisition and land surveying on plots:

1.1. 测量

Surveying

1.2. 收购

Acquisition

1.3. 规划分区

Change of zoning

铺设道路

Laying roads.

2.1. 沥青

Asphalt

2.2. 每隔100米左右用碎石填充，并初步清除沃土层。

Filling with crushed stone, with preliminary removal of the fertile layer, for every 100m – approx.

2.3. 另一个选项。例如，夯实土壤，或稳定的土壤石灰，这些选择将几乎免费。

Another option. For example, compaction of the soil, or stabilization of the soil with lime, these options will be almost free.

聚落造景

Landscaping Settlement.

每隔10米的绿色树篱，就会有17株不同高度的幼苗。每100米或5公里的围栏将有170株幼苗，即8500株。2公里的胡同需要3400株。中央公园——另外1000株。总:约13000株。

For every 10m of green hedges you will have allocate about 17 seedlings of different hight/tires. It will be 170 seedlings for every 100m or for 5 km of the fence – 8500 pcs. 2km of alley will need 3400pcs., and central park – another 1000pcs. Total: approx. 13000pcs.

基础设施

Infrastructure.

在公共场所，你需要一个井，操场，花坛，一个用于全体会议的圆形剧场和一个公共池塘，你还需要一个有组织的夏季度假地点。

In the common place you need a well, playgrounds, flower beds, an amphitheater for general meetings and a common pond, and you also need an organized summer vacation spot.

– 运动广场

Play and sports grounds

– 圆形剧场

Amphitheater

– 池塘

Pond

– 花坛

Flowerbeds

– 暑期度假点

Summer vacation spot

安全组织

Security organization.

组织安全，你需要

To organize security you need:

1. 挖一条护城河

Dig a moat

2. 在入口建造警卫室

Build a gatehouse at the entrance

3.安排安保

Arrange security

4. 买警犬

Buy guard dogs

需要一个护城河，以防止火灾，行走的动物(牛)，从侵入的人和汽车，不停留在定居点。关于安全措施，主要问题是:在什么时期内将它列入解决的初步计划。换句话说，在什么时期以后，它将变得不再需要，或成为维护费的一部分。

A moat is needed to protect against fire, walking animals (cows), and from the intruding of people and cars that do not resid in th settlement. For the security measures, the main question is: for what period it will be included in the initial plan of the Settlement. In other words, after what period it will either not be needed, or becomes part of maintainence fees.

公共房屋建造

The construction of public houses.

包括招待所、社区住宅和学校。一般来说，社区住宅和学校将在以后需要，也就是说，它们的价格可能不包括在最初的估计中。

These include the guest house, the community house and the school. As a rule, a community house and a school will be needed later, i.e. their price may not be included in the initial estimate.

4&5. 选择一块土地定居

Choosing a land for the Kin's Settlement

所以，现在你有了一个总体计划，一门社会政策课程和一个经济预算。现在，所有这些仍有待在土地上实施。首先，你需要确定你在寻找什么样的土地:

So, you have a general plan, a course of social policy and an economic calculation. Now all this remains to be implemented on some land. At fist you need to determine what kind of land you are looking for:

– 平原

flat field;

– 林地

forest;

– 丘陵和山地

hills and mountains;

– 现有的池塘/河流

the presence of ponds/rivers;

– 混合以上所有

a mix of all listed

然后需要部署与聚落位置离你所在城区的可能距离。例如——离你的城市不超过70公里。注:距离取决于你所在的地区和它的特点-不同的行业，等等。通常情况下，当地面积越大，周边产业越集中，当你接近它们时，地价就越贵。

Then you need to set the possible distances from the place of your deployment. For example – no more than 70km from your city. Note: the distance depends on your locality and its features – the presence different of industries, etc. As a rule, the larger the locality and the more industries are concentrated around, the more expensive the land will be when you approach them.

然后需要定义其他搜索条件。额外的标准包括:

Then you need to define additional search criteria. Additional criteria include:

– 离联邦公路的距离;

distance from the federal highway;

– 附近现存定居点

The presence of nearby settlements

– 可以连接的额外便利设施

either for the possible linking of additional amenities

– 清洁的道路，现存有商店等。

cleaning the roads, the presence of a store, etc.

– 或相反地，比较孤立;

or, conversely, to isolate;

– 设立一些自由的地点，供邻近亲属的定居点组织使用;

The presence of a number of free sites for the organization of neighboring Kin's settlements;

– 是否存在一些大型工业;

The presence or absence of a number of large industries;

– 是否为定居点参与者的计划项目的发展提供了特殊条件——当地景点、传说、历史、发展前景和/或为项目实施创造传说和/或条件的可能性。

The presence of special conditions for the development of the planned projects of the settlement participants – local attractions, legends, history, development prospects, and / or the possibility of creating legends and / or conditions for the implementation of projects.

6. 更新聚落的总体规划

The updated general plan of the Settlement

7. 更新财务规划

Updated financial plan

从先前相当完善的总体规划中获得清晰的要点，可能与土地征用/注册有关。因为土地的计划价格和它的设计——可能会朝着一个或另一个方向波动。明智的做法是在最初计划的财政“分支”中计划这种“波动”。价格也根据进入道路的长度、内部道路的长度、到最近的建筑材料的距离以及当地的一般价格水平可能发生的必要价格变化来澄清说明。在这方面，有必要按优先顺序安排和执行方案的各项计划。比如说，土地登记是第一要务，绿化是第二要务，等等。

The main clarifications from the previous rather complete planning may relate to the part of land acquisition/registration. Because the planned price for land and its design – may swing in one direction or another. It is advisable to plan this "swing" in the financial "fork" of the initial planning. Prices are also clarified according to the necessary possible price changes depending on the length of the access road, and the length of internal roads, the distance to the nearest building materials, and the general price level of the local area. And here it is desirable to prioritize the implementation of plans for the organization of the settlement. Say, land registration is the first priority, landscaping is the second, etc.

Prepared by Victor Rod

翻译细雨